Amanita in NZ

The family amanitacaea in NZ has species of Limacella and Amanita. Within Amanita a group of non-mycrorrhizal species has recently been segregated under the name Aspidella, now Saproamanita. However, there is on-going debate about the need to split Amanita and, if so, whether Saproamanita is applicable to the group or not. In the following trial key I am treating these all as Amanita sensu lato until the issue is resolved. The ectomycorrhizal Amanita species are less particular about host trees than say Lactarius, Cortinarius or Russula. In that respect they are similar to our boletes. Consequently several species are known both with tea-tree and beech. The introduced Amanita muscaria has made the jump from introdued to indigenous hosts and continues to spread through the beech forest. Amanita phalloides and the recently found Amanita marmorata (with tea-tree and introduced Eucalyptus) are deadly poisonous. The former is responsible for the majority of mushroom poisoning fatalities worldwide, and that includes deaths in New Zealand

1	Not apparently ectomycorrhizal and appearing in lawns away from trees and under shrubs. Often tacky to the touch and often with strong odour. Basidia without basal clamps in NZ taxa. Spores amyloid. (see also A. mumura - also section Lepidella with basal clamps and under beech).	Amanita section Lepidella 3
1’	Obviously mycorrhizal under native tea-tree or southern beech, or introduced conifers and broad-leaved. Spores amyloid or not.	2
2	Under exotic trees (pine, spruce, oak, poplar, beech, lime, birch). If with Eucalyptus see A. marmorata	5
2’	Under native tea-tree and southern beech	9
3	Cap acutely conical and felty. Fruitbody ochraceous brown and tacky.	Amanita galerumgandalfi ined.( = sp. 2)
3’	Cap not acutely conical	4
4	Cap fuscous, with woolly scales	*Amanita* *inopinata*
4’	Cap ochre to cinnamon brown, without woolly scales	*Amanita manicata* (= A. nauseosa SS NZ)
5	Cap bright red to orange, with patches of white veil remnants, sometimes washed off. Stem with ring. Gills pure white. Spores inamyloid.	*Amanita* *muscaria*
5’	Cap other colours.	6
6	Cap reddish brown. Gills and flesh spotted with flesh coloured to brown spots, especially when damaged. Under exotic broadleaved trees. Spores amyloid.	*Amanita rubescens*
6’	Cap greenish, yellow or grey to brown	7
7	Cap grey to brown. Under exotic broadleaf trees. Spores amyloid.	*Amanita excelsa* *var spissa*
7’	Cap greenish yellow or yellow	8
8	Cap butter yellow. Stem without ring. Under exotic conifers. Spores inamyloid.	*Amanita junquillea* *var. exannulata*
8’	Cap yellowish green. Stem with ring. Under exotic broadleaf trees. Spores amyloid.	*Amanita phalloides*
9	Stem with a ring or remnants of a partial veil. Spores amyloid or inamyloid	10
9’	Stem without a ring or remnants of a partial veil. Spores inamyloid	19
10	Cap grey, without veil remnants, finely fibrillose, stem with pronounced volva. Spores amyloid.	*Amanita marmorata*
10'	Cap grey or not. If grey then not fibrillose and with veilar remnants	11
11	Cap with veil remnants of pyramidal/pointed warts or cuboid crumbs. Spores amyloid.	12
11’	Cap with veil remnants of patches or flat scales. Spores inamyloid or amyloid.	15
12	Cap grey to buff. Veil of patches or cuboid crumbs. N.B. there is an undescribed species with characters of A. karea but a reddish colouration like A. rubescens.	*Amanita karea*
12’	Cap without grey colours and with pyramidal/pointed warts	13
13	Ring forming a well-developed entire skirt. Bulb at stem base with distinct flat top, often tan/grey. Lower stem base smooth.	*Amanita australis*
13’	Ring fragmenting. Lower stem distinctly scaly.	14
14	Spores globose	*Amanita pareparina*
14'	Spores ellipsoid (rare species known only from the type locality near Wellington)	*Amanita pumatona*
15	Gill edge black. Ring remnants on stem black. Fruitbody decaying rapidly. Spores inamyloid.	*Amanita nigrescens*
15’	Gill edge not black, etc. Spores amyloid.	16
16	Cap dark grey to brown. Spores globose. With tea-tree and southern beech. Ring sometimes yellowish. Cap > 7cm inmature specimens.	*Amanita nothofagi*
16’	Cap usually paler. Spores subglobose to ellipsoid, Q > 1.1	17
17	Cap grey. Veil remnants patches or small and crumb-like. Cap < 7cm. N.B. there is an undescribed species with characters of A. karea and a reddish colouration like A. rubescens. Some collections of A. karea are like A. nothofagi and can then be separated by spore shape and size of fruitbodies.	*Amanita karea*
17’	Cap cream to buff. Veil patches large and often washed off.	18
18	Cap > 7cm in mature specimens. Not staining yellow or drying pink. Basidia without basal clamps.	*Amanita sp. ‘Bealy Spur’*
18'	Cap < 7cm in mature specimsn. Some collections staining yellow and drying pink. Basidia with basal clamps. (section Lepidella)	*Amanita mumura*
19	Cap perimeter strongly striate. Cap colour buff to dark brown.	20
19’	Cap perimeter hardly striate, or not striate. Cap colour yellow to buff.	*Amanita taiepa*
20	Stem with distinct basal bulb with flat top and grey band around upper surface. Cap surface often powdery with veil remnants.	*Amanita nehuta*
20’	Stem with a distinct snake-skin pattern. Cap surface without powdery veil remnants.	21
21	Gill edge with well differentiated cystidia	*Amanita drummondii aff.*
21'	Gill edge a partially gelatinised band of hyphae, without cheilocystidia	*Amanita pekeoides*

Posted by

cooperj, September 05, 2016 05:17 AM

Amanita in NZ

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